Muharram and the Day of Ashura are among the most sacred times in the Islamic calendar. Muslims around the world observe this month and its tenth day with deep respect, reflection, and remembrance. This holy month marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year and carries historical, spiritual, and emotional importance for both Sunni and Shia Muslims.
What is Muharram?
Muharram is the first month of the Islamic lunar calendar. The word “Muharram” means “forbidden,” and it is one of the four sacred months in Islam during which warfare is traditionally forbidden. It is a time of peace, worship, and devotion to Allah.
Muslims are encouraged to increase their good deeds, avoid sinful behavior, and spend time in prayer and remembrance. Fasting during Muharram, especially on the Day of Ashura, is highly recommended.
What is the Day of Ashura?
The Day of Ashura falls on the 10th day of Muharram. It is a day of significance for multiple reasons. For Sunni Muslims, it commemorates the day Prophet Musa (Moses) and the Israelites were saved from Pharaoh’s tyranny by the parting of the Red Sea. For Shia Muslims, it is a day of mourning for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (RA), the grandson of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), at the Battle of Karbala in 680 CE.
The Day of Ashura holds different meanings, but both Sunni and Shia Muslims regard it as a day of deep importance and reflection.
Historical Significance of Muharram and the Day of Ashura
1. The Victory of Prophet Musa (AS)
According to Islamic tradition, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) saw the Jews of Madinah fasting on the Day of Ashura. They explained that it was the day Allah saved Prophet Musa and his people. In response, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) said, “We have more right to Musa than they do,” and he encouraged Muslims to fast on that day. (Sahih Muslim)
2. The Martyrdom of Imam Hussain (RA)
For Shia Muslims, Muharram and the Day of Ashura are observed as a period of mourning. Imam Hussain (RA) stood up against the injustice of the Umayyad ruler Yazid and was brutally martyred along with his companions in Karbala, present-day Iraq. This tragic event symbolizes the eternal struggle between truth and falsehood, justice and oppression.
The lessons of courage, sacrifice, and standing for what is right are at the heart of Ashura commemorations.
Spiritual Practices During Muharram
Fasting on Ashura
Fasting on the Day of Ashura is a Sunnah (recommended) act. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to fast on this day even before the obligation of Ramadan fasting. He also advised Muslims to fast on the 9th and 10th or 10th and 11th of Muharram to distinguish Islamic practice from Jewish traditions.
Benefits of fasting on Ashura include forgiveness of sins from the previous year. (Sahih Muslim)
Acts of Worship
- Reading the Qur’an
- Making dua (supplication)
- Giving charity
- Reflecting on the lessons of Karbala
- Attending Islamic lectures or events about the history of Muharram
Lessons from Muharram and the Day of Ashura
1. Standing for Truth
Imam Hussain (RA) taught the world to stand for justice even when faced with hardship. He knew the consequences of his decision but chose to speak out against tyranny. His legacy encourages Muslims to be brave, honest, and strong in faith.
2. Patience and Perseverance
The events of Muharram and the Day of Ashura remind us of the value of patience in the face of suffering. Whether it’s the pain of injustice or personal hardships, Muslims are taught to remain patient and trust in Allah’s plan.
3. The Importance of Unity
While Sunni and Shia Muslims may observe Ashura differently, the message of love, remembrance, and connection to the Prophet’s family is shared. It’s a time to promote unity, understanding, and mutual respect in the Muslim Ummah.
How Muslims Around the World Observe Ashura
- In Sunni communities, fasting and prayer are common.
- In Shia communities, public processions, recitations of poetry, and reenactments of the Battle of Karbala are observed.
- Mosques and Islamic centers often host lectures, discussions, and special gatherings to honor the month’s significance.
In all cases, the goal is to remember the lessons of Ashura and grow spiritually.
Final Thoughts
Muharram and the Day of Ashura are a powerful reminder of the values that Islam teaches—faith, justice, courage, and patience. Whether through fasting, prayer, or remembering the story of Karbala, Muslims can use this sacred time to reconnect with their spiritual path. The beginning of the Islamic New Year is not just a change in date, but a chance to start fresh with renewed purpose and commitment.
By reflecting on the significance of Muharram and the Day of Ashura, Muslims are reminded to live with integrity, stand for truth, and keep their hearts connected to Allah. Let this blessed month bring peace and blessings to all.
